{"id":932,"date":"2019-06-09T00:06:45","date_gmt":"2019-06-08T22:06:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932"},"modified":"2019-07-20T14:47:48","modified_gmt":"2019-07-20T12:47:48","slug":"grano-monococco-dicocco-e-grano-duro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932","title":{"rendered":"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro: non hanno la frazione \u201c33mer\u201d considerata la pi\u00f9 attiva nell\u2019attivare la risposta avversa del sistema immunitario nei soggetti celiaci. Anche per questo motivo sono i genotipi pi\u00f9 adatti per le ricerche che hanno come scopo di \u201cdetossificare\u201d le farine o di intervenire con particolari enzimi per idrolizzare i \u201cpeptidi tossici\u201d comunque presenti; sono pi\u00f9 adatti anche per i soggetti sensibili al glutine NON celiaci.<\/h4>\n<h4>\u201cQuantitation of the immunodominant 33-mer peptide from \u03b1-gliadin in wheat flours by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#auth-1\">Kathrin Schalk<\/a> , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#auth-2\">Christina Lang<\/a> , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#auth-3\">Herbert Wieser<\/a> , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#auth-4\">Peter Koehler<\/a> \u00a0&amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#auth-5\">Katharina Anne Scherf<\/a>. <em>Scientific Reports<\/em> <strong>volume <\/strong><strong>7<\/strong>, Article number: 45092 (2017).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Coeliac disease (CD) is triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat, rye, and barley. The 33-mer peptide from \u03b12-gliadin has frequently been described as the most important CD-immunogenic sequence within gluten. However, from more than 890 published amino acid sequences of \u03b1-gliadins, only 19 sequences contain the 33-mer. In order to make a precise assessment of the importance of the 33-mer, it is necessary to elucidate which wheat species and cultivars contain the peptide and at which concentrations. This paper presents the development of a stable isotope dilution assay followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantitate the 33-mer in flours of 23 hexaploid modern and 15 old common (bread) wheat as well as two spelt cultivars. All flours contained the 33-mer peptide at levels ranging from 91\u2013603\u2009\u03bcg\/g flour. In contrast, the 33-mer was absent (&lt;limit of detection) from tetra- and diploid species (durum wheat, emmer, einkorn), most likely because of the absence of the D-genome, which encodes \u03b12-gliadins. Due to the presence of the 33-mer in all common wheat and spelt flours analysed here, the special focus in the literature on this most immunodominant peptide seems to be justified\u2026\u2026Omissis\u2026..<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis of durum wheat, emmer and einkorn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The 33-mer peptide was also analysed in two durum wheat and two emmer cultivars (genome AABB) as well as two diploid einkorn cultivars (genome AA) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#t1\">Table 1<\/a>). In each of these wheat species, the 33-mer was not detected (&lt;LOD). In comparison to hexaploid common wheat, durum wheat, emmer, and einkorn do not contain the D-genome, which originated from hybridisation of <em>T. turgidum dicoccum<\/em> (genome AABB) with <em>Aegilops tauschii<\/em> (genome DD)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#ref36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a>. The absence of the 33-mer peptide can be explained by the fact that this peptide is encoded by genes located in the Gli-2 locus on chromosome 6D, which is missing in durum wheat, emmer, and einkorn. Studies by Molberg <em>et al<\/em>. showed clear variations in intestinal T-cell responses between common wheat and tetra- or diploid species due to different degrees of T-cell immunoreactivity between the gluten proteins encoded on the A-, B-, and D-genome. Einkorn cultivars were only recognized by DQ2.5-glia-\u03b11a-specific T-cell clones, but not by DQ2.5-glia-\u03b11b- and DQ2.5-glia-\u03b12-specific T-cell clones. Emmer and durum wheat cultivars were all recognized by DQ2.5-glia-\u03b11a-specific T-cell clones, but only two out of four emmer cultivars and three out of ten durum wheat cultivars activated DQ2.5-glia-\u03b11b- and DQ2.5-glia-\u03b12-specific T-cell clones<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#ref37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a>. Consistent with our results, Prandi <em>et al<\/em>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#ref38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a> found that the 33-mer was not present in durum wheat. As a consequence, this peptide was used as a marker peptide to identify the presence of common wheat in durum wheat flours. One durum wheat cultivar was also analysed by van den Broeck <em>et al<\/em>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep45092#ref33\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a> and the 33-mer peptide was not detected either\u201d. https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.it<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-938\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Quantita\u0300-del-peptide-33mer-nelle-farine-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1085\" height=\"876\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Quantita\u0300-del-peptide-33mer-nelle-farine-1.png 1085w, https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Quantita\u0300-del-peptide-33mer-nelle-farine-1-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Quantita\u0300-del-peptide-33mer-nelle-farine-1-768x620.png 768w, https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Quantita\u0300-del-peptide-33mer-nelle-farine-1-1024x827.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1085px) 100vw, 1085px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro: non hanno la frazione \u201c33mer\u201d considerata la pi\u00f9 attiva nell\u2019attivare la risposta avversa del sistema immunitario nei soggetti celiaci. Anche per questo motivo sono i genotipi pi\u00f9 adatti per le ricerche che hanno come scopo di \u201cdetossificare\u201d le farine o di intervenire con particolari enzimi per idrolizzare i \u201cpeptidi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[453,451,144,197,201],"class_list":["post-932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articoli","tag-33mer-it","tag-farro-dicocco","tag-grano-duro","tag-grano-monococco","tag-piccolo-farro"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro - Glutenlight<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro - Glutenlight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro: non hanno la frazione \u201c33mer\u201d considerata la pi\u00f9 attiva nell\u2019attivare la risposta avversa del sistema immunitario nei soggetti celiaci. Anche per questo motivo sono i genotipi pi\u00f9 adatti per le ricerche che hanno come scopo di \u201cdetossificare\u201d le farine o di intervenire con particolari enzimi per idrolizzare i \u201cpeptidi [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Glutenlight\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-06-08T22:06:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-07-20T12:47:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"luciano\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scritto da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"luciano\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"luciano\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/ce85ed8d5ff511199b9e80b95af8990d\"},\"headline\":\"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-06-08T22:06:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-07-20T12:47:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\"},\"wordCount\":585,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"33mer\",\"farro dicocco\",\"grano duro\",\"grano monococco\",\"piccolo farro\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articoli\"],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932\",\"name\":\"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro - 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Anche per questo motivo sono i genotipi pi\u00f9 adatti per le ricerche che hanno come scopo di \u201cdetossificare\u201d le farine o di intervenire con particolari enzimi per idrolizzare i \u201cpeptidi [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932","og_site_name":"Glutenlight","article_published_time":"2019-06-08T22:06:45+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-07-20T12:47:48+00:00","author":"luciano","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Scritto da":"luciano","Tempo di lettura stimato":"3 minuti"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932"},"author":{"name":"luciano","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/ce85ed8d5ff511199b9e80b95af8990d"},"headline":"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro","datePublished":"2019-06-08T22:06:45+00:00","dateModified":"2019-07-20T12:47:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932"},"wordCount":585,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#organization"},"keywords":["33mer","farro dicocco","grano duro","grano monococco","piccolo farro"],"articleSection":["Articoli"],"inLanguage":"it-IT"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932","url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932","name":"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro - Glutenlight","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-06-08T22:06:45+00:00","dateModified":"2019-07-20T12:47:48+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"it-IT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?p=932#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Grano Monococco, dicocco e grano duro"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/","name":"Glutenlight","description":"grani con glutine leggero e tollerabile","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"it-IT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#organization","name":"Gluten Light","url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Logo-di-Gluten-Light-con-simbolo-solare.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Logo-di-Gluten-Light-con-simbolo-solare.jpg","width":1113,"height":648,"caption":"Gluten Light"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/ce85ed8d5ff511199b9e80b95af8990d","name":"luciano","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"it-IT","@id":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/32520888e50495c97b3dcb1eb9761e897db01ea203f0c45a441dc878d64c05b1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/32520888e50495c97b3dcb1eb9761e897db01ea203f0c45a441dc878d64c05b1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"luciano"},"url":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/?author=2"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=932"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1198,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/932\/revisions\/1198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=932"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=932"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenlight.eu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=932"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}