What are antinutrients?
“Antinutritional or antinutrient compounds are natural or synthetic substances that interfere with the metabolism and absorption of nutrients. They are present both in plant organisms, where they perform structural, reserve or defense functions against any predators, and in animal organisms (e.g. toxins and biological amines present in molluscs or fish, in milk derivatives and in wine). They can also form from degradation, cooking (e.g. heterocyclic amines of cooked meats) or food preservation processes, or be present as environmental, microbial, fungal or xenobiotic contaminants (agrochemicals, hormones, etc.).
Gli antinutrienti possono essere classificati in base all’azione che svolgono:
• riducono la digestione proteica e l’utilizzazione delle proteine (es. inibitori della tripsina e della chimotripsina, lectine o emoagglutinine, composti fenolici, saponine);
• interferiscono con la digestione dei carboidrati (es. inibitori dell’amilasi, composti polifenolici, fattori di flautolenza);
• disturbano la digestione e l’azione dei sali minerali (glicosinolati, acido ossalico, acido fitico, gossipolo);
• inattivano le vitamine o causano un incremento del loro fabbisogno (antivitamine);
• producono un effetto tossico ( es. afla-tosine, nitrati);
• stimolano il sistema immunitario (istamina, antigeni).